Predestination and Election
“I was predestined to salvation—not regenerated by the will of my flesh but by the will of the sovereign God.” My salvation and regeneration were not by my will or effort but entirely by God’s sovereign plan and purpose.
Dear reader, do you believe this? This must be the testimony of a true believer. A child of God must testify that God is his creator. If you truly understand you are a sinner and God rescued you from your sinful condition, that must be by regeneration. You cannot initiate regeneration. Scripture says ‘All are dead in trespasses and sin’. From this dead condition, you cannot give life to you. The new life has to be given to you. If you have faith, it must a gift from God. If God gives, it is effectual and it produces fruit. The realization of your depravity is the product of your regeneration. A lifeless body cannot feel pain. The pain of your heart with recognition of your sinfulness is because you have life in you.
“The dead praises not the Lord, neither any that go down into silence. But we will bless the Lord from this time forth and for evermore. Praise the Lord”. Psalms 115:17-18
It is a sad reality that over the past 200 years, the mainstream Christianity has failed to teach this truth. The truth of the Gospel has been diluted by majority of Christian teachers. They feel that they had to appease men and convince them to believe in the true God.
They have created guides and steps for sinners to be saved. A positive response of an unbeliever by the persuasive speech of an eloquent speaker become the proof of ones saved status instead of true convention by the indwelling work of the Holy Spirit.
But the truth is God predestined men to salvation (individually) before He formed the universe. Before the foundation of the world, God’s plan included the salvation of a remnant. Every event in the Bible, whether history or prophecy, has manifested exactly as planned by God. His eternal purposes have been revealed to humanity progressively, affirming His sovereignty over all creation.
Predestination and Election in Scripture
Apostle Paul’s Teaching on Predestination (Book of Romans)
In his letter to the Romans, Paul presents a foundational theology of predestination and election. He begins by establishing the necessity of salvation and unfolds God’s provision through faith in Jesus Christ.
1. Romans 1: The Wrath of God Against Sin
Paul declares God’s plan of salvation—referred to as the Gospel of God or the Gospel of His Son. He explains that God’s wrath is revealed against sin and ungodliness due to humanity’s disobedience and rejection of divine truth.
2. Romans 2–3: Humanity’s Corruption
Paul reveals the universal depravity of humanity. Both Jews and Gentiles are guilty before God, incapable of approaching Him or attaining righteousness by their efforts. Humanity stands condemned, highlighting the need for divine intervention.
3. Romans 4–7: God’s Provision Over Time
Paul outlines God’s progressive revelation of salvation:
– Through conscience, God revealed His moral law to humanity, but it was suppressed by sin.
– Through Abraham, God chose one man to establish a nation, demonstrating election by grace, not merit.
– Through the Law, God exposed the depth of human sin, making it clear that salvation could not come through human works.
Paul ultimately declares justification by faith, rooted in the finished work of Jesus Christ on the cross.
4. Romans 8: The Assurance of Salvation
Paul encourages believers, affirming the security of salvation. The Holy Spirit guarantees the inheritance of believers and works within them, ensuring their perseverance.
Through these chapters, Paul establishes two key truths:
– Total depravity of man-Humanity is incapable of seeking or choosing God independently.
– Complete sovereignty of God-Salvation is entirely initiated and accomplished by God.
Paul’s Debate with his imaginary opponent on Election
In Romans 9, Paul anticipates objections to God’s sovereign election. To address this, he introduces an imaginary opponent and defends the doctrine of predestination, affirming that God’s choice is based solely on His will, not human effort.
Key Verse:
*”What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory, even us whom He called, not of the Jews only but also of the Gentiles?”* Romans 9:22–24
Paul emphasizes that God’s actions are always just, even when they surpass human understanding. He argues that questioning God’s sovereignty stems from humanity’s fallen nature, which began with the knowledge of good and evil. He illustrates this point with the Tower of Babel, where humanity’s unified effort to reach God through their own power was thwarted by God. This event highlights humanity’s inability to approach God apart from His sovereign grace.
Historical Context and Debates on Predestination
Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430)-Known as the father of Reformed Theology, Augustine emphasized humanity’s total inability to approach God without divine intervention. His prayer reflects his theology: “O Lord, command what you will, and will what you command.”*
– Augustine taught that all humanity is dead in sin and incapable of choosing God.
– He argued that salvation is initiated solely by God’s will, based on His foreknowledge and sovereign choice.
Pelagius (AD 354–418)
Pelagius opposed Augustine, teaching:
– Humanity has free will and the ability to choose good over evil.
– Original sin does not taint all humanity, and individuals can achieve righteousness through their own efforts.
– Pelagius accepted the first part of Augustine’s prayer but rejected the second, denying that God must “will” human obedience.
Reformers and Predestination
1. John Wycliffe (AD 1320–1384)
Known as the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” Wycliffe taught that salvation is by grace alone, through faith alone, and that those with faith are predestined by God.
2. John Hus (AD 1370–1415)
Hus condemned indulgences sold by the Roman Catholic Church and taught that the church is made up of God’s elect, not those chosen by ecclesiastical authority.
3. Martin Luther (AD 1483–1546)
In his book *The Bondage of the Will* (1525), Luther affirmed:
Salvation is not by human will but by God’s sovereign election. He opposed Erasmus, who argued that salvation involves human merit.
4. John Calvin (AD 1509–1564)
Calvin expanded Augustine’s teachings, declaring: God’s eternal decree determines each individual’s destiny. Some are predestined to life, others to death, according to God’s will.
5. Jacob Arminius (1560–1609)
Arminius rejected Calvin’s view, teaching that: Humans retain the ability to respond to God’s call. Election is based on God’s foreknowledge of human faith. His followers, the “Remonstrants,” opposed Calvinism, leading to the Synod of Dort (1619), which reaffirmed Calvinist doctrines summarized in TULIP.
The Legacy of Predestination Theology
- Puritans (16th–17th Centuries)
Dissatisfied with the Church of England, Puritans sought greater purity in worship and doctrine. They were Calvinists who emphasized covenant theology and influenced early American religious life.
2. John Bunyan (1628–1688)
The author of *The Pilgrim’s Progress,* Bunyan believed that God’s intention to save His elect was fully accomplished on the cross.
3. Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
Edwards, in his book “Freedom of the Will,” argued for: God’s sovereignty over human choices. Human freedom as acting according to one’s strongest inclinations, shaped by either God’s grace or sinful nature.
4. George Whitfield (1714–1770)
A prominent Calvinist preacher, Whitfield debated with John Wesley over predestination.
5. John Wesley (1703–1791)
Wesley’s Arminian theology emphasized prevenient grace—divinely given to all, enabling them to freely choose salvation.
6. C.H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)
Spurgeon, called as the prime of preachers, a strong Calvinist, though disagreed with Wesley, admired Wesley’s zeal and described him as “one whom the world was not worthy.”
The Synod of Dort (1618–1619)
The Synod of Dort was a significant European council convened to address the theological controversy sparked by the rise of Arminianism. Arminian theologians, known as the Remonstrants, challenged the teachings of John Calvin, leading to widespread debate and even riots in the Netherlands. The Synod decisively affirmed Calvinist doctrines, emphasizing:
– **Total depravity**: Humanity is entirely corrupted by sin and unable to seek God without divine grace.
– **Unconditional election**: God’s choice of individuals for salvation is not based on foreseen merit or faith but solely on His sovereign will.
– **Limited atonement**: Christ’s death effectively secured salvation for the elect.
– **Irresistible grace**: God’s saving grace cannot be resisted by those He calls.
– **Perseverance of the saints**: The elect will endure in faith until the end.
These five points were codified as the *Canons of Dort*. For more details, see the full document>. https://prts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Canons-of-Dort-with-Intro.pdf
Westminster Confession of Faith (1646)
Produced as a doctrinal standard for the Church of England, the **Westminster Confession of Faith** is a cornerstone of Reformed theology. It was crafted by the Westminster Assembly, a gathering of theologians and parliamentarians in London.
Key teachings include:
– **God’s sovereignty in salvation**: Upholding predestination and election.
– **The authority of Scripture**: Scripture as the supreme rule of faith and practice.
– **Justification by faith alone**: Salvation is by grace through faith, not by works.
This confession remains widely followed, particularly by Presbyterian churches worldwide. The full text is available >.(https://www.academia.edu/19097131/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith
The London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689)
This confession builds on the Westminster Confession but emphasizes **Baptist distinctives**, such as believer’s baptism. Like the Westminster Confession, it upholds:
– **God’s election and predestination**: Salvation is solely by God’s sovereign choice.
– **Total depravity**: Humanity’s complete inability to attain salvation without divine intervention.
It remains a foundational document for Reformed Baptists. You can access the full text >> https://www.chapellibrary.org/pdf/books/lbcw.pdf
Philadelphia Confession of Faith (1742)
The **Philadelphia Confession**, adopted by American Baptists, builds on the London Baptist Confession. It upholds the same core doctrines of election, predestination, and human depravity.
This confession became a unifying doctrinal statement for Baptists in colonial America and continues to influence Evangelical theology. More details are available >>https://www.alliancenet.org/the-philadelphia-confession-of-faith).
Why Such Debates are Necessary?
Scripture emphasizes the importance of sound doctrine and theological clarity: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.”* 2 Timothy 3:16–17
Theological debates and discussions serve several critical purposes:
1. **Unity of Mind**: They bring believers to a shared understanding of God’s Word.
2. **Doctrinal Clarity**: They help distinguish truth from error, safeguarding the church from false teachings.
3. **Spiritual Growth**: Believers grow in their knowledge of Jesus Christ, deepening their fellowship with God and one another.
4. **Godliness and Contentment**: By understanding God’s dealings with humanity through the ages, believers develop true godliness and contentment in His sovereignty.
5. **True Worship**: A proper understanding of Scripture enables believers to worship God in spirit and truth.
6. **Effective Prayer**: Clear theology enhances communication with God in prayer.
7. **Faithful Service**: Believers equipped with sound doctrine become effective servants of God, fulfilling their role as **the Master’s servants**.
By engaging in these discussions, Christians are better equipped to contend for the faith, live obediently, and glorify God in all they do.
The Sovereignty of God
-God is God because He is Sovereign. If God is not Sovereign, then He is not truly God.
-Definition of God’s Sovereignty: Absolute right to do all things according to His own good pleasure.
A key question every Christian should ask is: Do I believe God is Sovereign?If so, how sovereign is He? Is He Sovereign only to the extent of your understanding and ability, or to the limited wisdom of humans? (If you ask Solomon, he will tell you the depth of human wisdom is insufficient.) God is Sovereign because He is the Creator of all. He created everything from nothing and sustains all things. He is the beginning and the end. There was no raw material at creation—everything was made by the word of God. Humanity was created from dust, which God Himself had already made. When God created all things in the beginning, He also planned the end. The Triune God had a complete plan for the universe before its creation. From eternity past (outside of time) to this time-based world, and into eternity future (where time will cease), God’s plan is unchanging. The universe, bound by time, has a beginning and an end. God has no surprises. He does not act in response to circumstances as we do. What we see is temporal; what we do not see is eternal. Everything in the universe happens according to God’s sovereign plan and purpose, by His will, and for His glory.
The Eternality of God
God is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent. He has no beginning and no end. He is the Alpha and the Omega. All things are created by Him and for Him. From **Genesis to Revelation**, Scripture begins with creation (a six-day creation—no gap). Believing otherwise is a theological mistake. Genesis introduces the beginning of all things, and Revelation reveals the end of this temporal world, ushering in the eternal state.
Understanding this is not due to human wisdom but is a gift from God. Because of sin, humanity was destined for condemnation and needed to be saved from eternal hell—from God’s wrath. Believing in God’s Sovereignty means accepting that God has the right to do as He pleases, including predestining the final destination of every person. Many Christians struggle to accept this truth because it challenges their feelings and expectations. They often create a god of their own making. However, the truth is this: God did not need the opinion of His creatures when forming or accomplishing His plan. The Triune God—the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—designed everything before creation, from beginning to end.
Humanity was created on the sixth day, after everything else. Man was not present to offer an opinion on God’s work. The creature is subject to the Creator, who has complete authority. The creature has no right to question the Creator.
God’s plan for a remnant
Before the foundation of the world, God promised the Son a group of people who would be saved for eternal life—this “love gift” is the Church, made up of Jews and Gentiles alike. The Bible reveals God’s plan for His people, not for unbelievers. It outlines how God’s purposes have been fulfilled through time. Scripture is not merely a collection of instructions and commands; it is the life story of sinful humanity and God’s dealings with them. Through Scripture, we see examples of obedience and disobedience, given for reproof and correction. The Old Testament is a shadow, and the New Testament is the revealed truth. The last book, Revelation, culminates in God’s eternal plan. A New Testament believer has greater revelation of God’s work than Old Testament saints. The mystery of God’s plan is now revealed. We cannot remain shallow Christians, swayed by every wind of doctrine. No matter what occurs in history, God is glorified.
God’s Sovereignty in Salvation and History
Salvation is for God’s glory alone. God did not create evil; humanity fell into sin through disobedience and Satan’s schemes. As a result, Adam’s sin was imputed to all mankind. To save, God imputes His righteousness to those He chooses.
God’s Sovereignty is demonstrated throughout Scripture:
1. Noah: God told Noah that only his family (eight people) would be saved. There was no intention to save anyone else. God’s sovereign plan was to destroy everyone else. From Noah’s sons came three groups of people.
2. Job: Though righteous and blameless, Job endured immense suffering. God’s questions in Job 38–42 reveal His Sovereignty, leading Job to repentance and awe. Job declared, *“I had heard of you by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees you; therefore, I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.”* (Job 42:5-6)
3. Abraham: Received God’s promise at 75 and waited 25 years for its fulfillment. His faith was tested, even to the point of being asked to sacrifice his son.
4. Joseph: Endured betrayal, slavery, and imprisonment, yet recognized God’s Sovereignty, declaring, *“You meant evil against me, but God meant it for good.”* (Genesis 50:20)
5. Moses: After leading Israel, Moses was denied entry into the Promised Land. His request was denied because God’s decisions are final and unchanging.
Biblical Affirmations of God’s Sovereignty
– Ephesians 1:11: “In Him we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will.”
– Mathew 10:29-31: Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father. But even the hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not, therefore; you are of more value than many sparrows.”
– Colossians 1:16-17: “For by Him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together.”
– Isaiah 45:7-9: *“I form light and create darkness: I make well-being and create calamity: I am the Lord who does all these things.”
– Lamentations 3:37-39: *“Who has spoken, and it came to pass, unless the Lord had commanded it? Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that good and bad come? Why should a living man complain, a man about the punishment of his sins?”
– Acts 4:27-28: “For truly in this city there were gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, along with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.”
– Proverbs 19:21: *“Many are the plans in the mind of a man, but it is the purpose of the Lord that will stand.”
– Psalm 115:3: “Our God is in the heavens; He does all that He pleases.”
These verses—and many more—declare God’s complete Sovereignty over creation, salvation, and the future new world.
The Sovereignty of God in Salvation
Here are a few scripture portions affirms God’s sovereignty in salvation His own and His irresistible call of whom he predestined
-Romans 11:33: “Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and His ways past finding out!”
– Jonah 2:9**: “Salvation is of the Lord.”
– Philippians 2:13: “It is God who works in you both to will and to do for His good pleasure.”
– Ephesians 2:10: “For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.”
– Romans 3:9: “…For we have previously charged both Jews and Greeks that they are all under sin.”
– Romans 3:19: “…That every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.”
– Romans 11:36: “For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be glory forever. Amen.”
– Ezekiel 11:19: “I will give them an undivided heart and put a new spirit in them; I will remove from them their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh.
– Titus 1:1: “Paul, a bondservant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect and the acknowledgment of the truth which accords with godliness.”
– Acts 13:46-48: “Then Paul and Barnabas grew bold and said, ‘It was necessary that the word of God should be spoken to you first; but since you reject it, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles.’ … Now when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord. And as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed.
From these verses, we see that God sovereignly elects and redeems some, while others He passes over. One group receives mercy, and the other receives justice—nobody receives injustice.God elected His own before the foundation of the world, leaving others in their unbelief, sin, and rebellion. This election is unconditional, not based on human will, effort, or works.
The Triune God’s work in Salvation
The Triune God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) unitedly planned and executed the salvation of the elect.
1. The Sovereign Father in Salvation.
– Romans 9:21-23: “Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor? What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory?”
The Father sovereignly elects, preparing vessels of mercy for glory while enduring vessels of wrath destined for destruction.
2. The Sovereign Son in Salvation.
– John 6:38: “For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.”
– At Gethsemane, Jesus prayed: “Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as You will.”
Christ died for the elect, fulfilling the will of the Father. His atonement was definite, planned, and accomplished according to the purpose of the Triune God.
3. The Sovereign Holy Spirit in Salvation
– At Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descended, taking permanent residence in His elect.
– Jesus said: “The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it but cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit.” (John 3:8)
– 2 Thessalonians 2:13: “God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.”
The Spirit gives spiritual life, sanctifies the elect, and activates their will to believe and thus regeneration precedes faith.
God’s Sovereignty Modeled in Creation and the World.
1. Creation as the Pattern
– God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh, setting a model for humanity to follow.
– Genesis 2:15: God gave Adam instructions to tend and keep the Garden of Eden.
2. The Law as a Foundation
– God gave the Law to Moses, which forms the basis for the world’s legal systems.
3. Governance and Order
– Joseph’s ideas to Pharaoh established principles for governance and management.
4. Relationships and Hierarchies
All earthly relationships are structured by God’s design:
– Family: The husband is the head of the household, and children are to obey their parents (Ephesians 5:22-6:4).
– Servants and masters: Reflect mutual accountability under God’s authority (Ephesians 6:5-9).
– The Church: Jesus Christ is the great Shepherd and head of the Church (Hebrews 13:20).
God’s sovereign design governs both spiritual and physical life, demonstrating His ultimate authority over creation and redemption.
The Depravity of Man (Man’s Core is Evil)
Romans 3:23 – “For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God.”
Without acknowledging our complete depravity, we will never understand God’s sovereignty. God expressed His sovereignty and exposed the total depravity of man throughout the Scriptures.
Adam and Eve
When God created Adam and Eve, they were without guilt but had the ability to choose between good and evil. They were not perfect. They fell into the deception of Satan, willfully transgressed God’s command, and became completely depraved. They lost their place in the Garden, attained the knowledge of good and evil, and were placed back where they were taken from—the earth.
The Effect of Their Sin/Disobedience:
Genesis 3:12-13 – Both Adam and Eve started shifting the responsibility for their sin to others. Adam blamed Eve and even God, while Eve blamed the serpent. After sinning, they found themselves naked and stayed away from God. They tried to fix the issue themselves by using fig leaves. They hid themselves from the presence of God. The power of sin in man is the inability to approach God. Scripture says: *“their eyes were opened, and they knew they were naked.”*
Genesis 3:22 – Then the Lord God said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of Us, to know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat and live forever’…God drove man out of the Garden and placed cherubim with a flaming sword that turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life.
Man’s Core is Evil
The Story of Cain and His Descendants
Cain disobeyed God by bringing the wrong offering—a sacrifice from the abundance of his crops rather than an animal sacrifice, as God required. Pride and arrogance grew in Cain due to the abundance of his labor. Abel, however, obeyed God and sacrificed an animal. Cain was upset because God was pleased with Abel’s sacrifice.
Cain continued in arrogance, rejected God’s counsel, entertained sin, and eventually killed his brother. Despite God Himself counseling Cain, he was reluctant to accept his guilt. Cain, guilty of sin, became a wanderer, while the sinless Abel was taken away.
Cain’s Descendants (Genesis 4):
Even after God gave Cain a mark of protection, his descendants continued in rebellion. Lamech, Cain’s great-great-grandchild, used God’s words for his own revenge, saying, “If Cain is avenged sevenfold, then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.” This shows depravity and arrogance piling up like a heap.
Genesis 5: The entire chapter is a series of obituaries for Adam’s generation up to Noah. Adam’s sin was transferred to all his descendants. We are called sinners not because of the sins we commit, but because we were declared sinners by God through Adam. If God declared us sinners, only He can provide the remedy.
Mankind Before the Flood
Genesis 6:3 – “My Spirit shall not strive with man forever.”
Genesis 6:5 – “Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.”
The Tower of Babel/Man’s thought for a unified society /one world idea
In Genesis 11:1-9, humanity’s collective rebellion against God is evident in their attempt to build a tower to reach heaven and make a name for themselves. God confused their language and dispersed them across the earth.
The Patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob)
Though chosen for God’s purposes, the patriarchs repeatedly demonstrated sinful behavior throughout their lives.
Israel’s Rebellion
Israel, the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, are called a stiff-necked and rebellious people by God. Their unbelief during the wilderness journey was unmatched. Their priest Aaron made a golden calf for them to worship. They repeatedly forgot what God had done for them.
Israel’s judges and kings led the people into iniquity. They married into heathen nations and adopted gods of wood and stone. Even though they were God’s elect, they became idol worshipers.
Israel During the Time of Jesus
Jesus exposed Israel’s actions and unbelief. The Gospels declare humanity’s total depravity. The effects of sin were evident in the presence of demons, sickness, death, and corrupted religious systems. Despite God incarnating as man, they could not believe in Him. Even the disciples had only partial faith until the Spirit of God filled them on Pentecost.
Gentiles Throughout History
No instance in Scripture shows man approaching God without His aid. Total depravity does not mean utter depravity—humans retain some moral ability for functioning in God’s sovereign plan. However, total depravity refers to man’s spiritual inability to approach the Holy God.
Man’s Inability
Scriptural Evidence:
– Jeremiah 17:9 – “The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked; who can know it?”
– Romans 3:9-19 – “There is none righteous, no, not one.”
– John 6:44 – “No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him.”
Sin affects the entire person—soul, spirit, and body. The unsaved are spiritually dead, incapable of approaching God. Sin is imputed to all men through Adam.
Divine Initiative is Required
Salvation is not a work of human will but entirely a work of God (monergistic). God must breathe new spiritual life into man.
Historical Theological Support
From Augustine to Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Jonathan Edwards, theologians have affirmed that man’s spiritual rebirth is solely a work of God’s grace.
The Revelation of God’s Word to His Elect leads to salvation.
Genesis 6:13– “And God said to Noah, ‘The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth.”
Genesis 6:18 – “But I will establish My covenant with you; and you shall go into the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.
Genesis 15:13-16 – God revealed to Abraham His plan for him and his descendants: 400 years in Egypt as slaves enduring affliction, after which they would come out with great possessions. Verse 16– “But in the fourth generation they shall return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.” God allowed the sin of the Amorites to reach its pinnacle before destroying them.
Psalm 103:7– “He made known His ways to Moses, His acts to the children of Israel.
God spoke to His people through the prophets, including John the Baptist, and finally through His Son. Only those chosen by God—the elect—will understand it. For the rest of the world, the message is unfruitful and leads to condemnation. The Son of God came down from heaven and revealed God’s plan for His people.
Hebrews 1:1-2 – “God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son.
Matthew 11:25-30– “At that time Jesus answered and said, ‘I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and have revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight. All things have been delivered to Me by My Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father. Nor does anyone know the Father except the Son, and the one to whom the Son wills to reveal Him.”
The revelation of God’s Word to His elect:
Matthew 11:28-30– “Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”
Those burdened by their sin and God’s judgment will come to Him. The ones who think they are wise may come, but their intentions may be different. Their fruit will reveal whether they are truly saved. *“A bruised reed He will not break, and a smoldering wick He will not snuff out.”* A broken and contrite heart is where God dwells.
The Mystery of the Kingdom of Heaven revealed to God’s elect:
Matthew 13:10-16** – “The disciples came and said to Him, ‘Why do You speak to them in parables?’ He answered and said to them, ‘Because it has been given to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him.
And in them, the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says: “Hearing you will hear and shall not understand, And seeing you will see and not perceive; For the hearts of this people have grown dull. Their ears are hard of hearing, And their eyes they have closed, Lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, Lest they should understand with their hearts and turn, So that I should heal them.”*
But blessed are your eyes for they see, and your ears for they hear; for assuredly, I say to you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what you see and did not see it, and to hear what you hear and did not hear it.’”
Matthew 13:51-52– “Jesus said to them, ‘Have you understood all these things?’ They said to Him, ‘Yes, Lord.’ Then He said to them, ‘Therefore every scribe instructed concerning the kingdom of heaven is like a householder who brings out of his treasure things new and old.”
Apostle Paul – The Apostle of the Gentiles
1 Corinthians 2:10-12– “But God has revealed them to us through His Spirit. For the Spirit searches all things, yes, the deep things of God. For what man knows the things of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? Even so, no one knows the things of God except the Spirit of God. Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might know the things that have been freely given to us by God.”
Beloved, we are servants of the Master. A truthful servant is one who knows the mind of the Master. Do not rely on human wisdom or logic to know God or do His work. Works done by human ideas, logic, and feelings are like wood and hay; they will be burned. Do not be deceived.
2 Corinthians 11:3 – “But I fear, lest somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, so your minds may be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.”
Human wisdom often rejects the simplicity of salvation.
Questions About Individual Election
Objection: Is not God the Savior of the world? Why is the offer not for all?
Scripture uses the term “world” in various ways, depending on context: world system, ecosystem, physical world, or humanity.
-John 1:29– “Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.” This doesn’t mean Jesus took away everyone’s sin but that He is humanity’s only Savior.
– John 3:16 – “For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son…” Here, “world” refers to Gentiles as well as Jews, not every individual.
– 1 John 2:2– “He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world.” This refers to Jews and Gentiles, not universal salvation.
**Objection: Doesn’t Scripture say “all men” in certain contexts?
– Romans 5:18– “Through one man’s offense judgment came to all men… so through one Man’s righteous act, the free gift came to all men…” “All men” in Adam means everyone, but in Christ, it refers only to the justified.
– 1 Timothy 2:4- “Who desires all men to be saved…” In context, Paul urges prayers for all men, including kings and those in authority, not every individual.
3) Not Willing That Any Should Perish
2 Peter 3:8–9 gives the impression that God is not willing that any should perish. Many people who argue against limited atonement use this verse to support their position. However, to understand it correctly, we must examine the context and consider different types of God’s will:
a) The Decretive Will of God (The Ultimate Will of God):
This is God’s sovereign will, where what He decrees must happen. For example, when God willed the creation of the universe, it came into existence, and no external force could hinder His will. If the “will” in this verse refers to God’s decretive will, it would imply universal salvation—that everyone will be saved. However, this contradicts Scripture, which clearly teaches that not everyone is saved.
b) The Preceptive Will of God:
This refers to God’s commands or laws, such as the Ten Commandments, which humans are obligated to obey. However, people often disobey God’s preceptive will. If this verse referred to God’s preceptive will, it would imply that God forbids anyone to perish, which would make no sense in light of human sin and eternal punishment.
c) God’s Will of Disposition:
This refers to what pleases or delights God emotionally. For instance, a judge may administer punishment to a guilty person while feeling sorrow over the situation. Similarly, God does not delight in the perishing of sinners (Ezekiel 33:11). However, the context of 2 Peter 3:9 suggests that this verse is not solely about God’s dispositional will.
Contextual Analysis
In 2 Peter 3:9, it says:
“… but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.”
The key word “us” provides the context. It refers to believers—those who are called, foreknown, and predestined by God. Therefore, the “any” in this passage is referring to the elect. God’s patience ensures that none of His elect will perish but that all of them will come to repentance.
This interpretation is consistent with John 6:37–39, where Jesus says that all the Father gives Him will come to Him, and none will be lost. God’s will is accomplished perfectly for those He has chosen.
Atonement – Limited, Sufficient, Efficient, and Definite
The doctrine of atonement reflects God’s eternal plan, designed for His glory and purpose:
1. Sufficient:The atonement of Christ is sufficient to save all.
2. Efficient: The benefits of the atonement are effective only for the elect.
3. Definite: The atonement was designed for a specific group of people, chosen before the foundation of the world.
When Christ died on the cross, His work was not a mere potentiality but a definite act that accomplished salvation for His people. Jesus declared, **“It is finished”** (John 19:30), signifying that the work of redemption was completed for those He came to save.
Supporting Verses:
– Matthew 1:21: “And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call His name JESUS, for He shall save His people from their sins.”
– John 10:27–29: “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. And I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall anyone snatch them out of my hand.”
Election and Predestination
The sovereignty of God in salvation leads us to acknowledge:
1. Total Depravity:** Humans are utterly incapable of saving themselves.
2. Unconditional Election:** Salvation is based on God’s choice, not on human merit or decision.
3. Predestination:God has foreknown and predetermined the salvation of His people.
Key Scriptures:
– Romans 8:28–30:
“And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose. For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brethren. Moreover, whom He predestined, these He also called; whom He called, these He also justified; and whom He justified, these He also glorified.”
– John 15:16:
“You did not choose Me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit.”
– John 17:2: “You have given Him authority over all flesh, that He should give eternal life to as many as You have given Him.” Verse 6:** “I have manifested Your name to the men whom You have given Me out of the world.” Verse 9:** “I do not pray for the world but for those whom You have given Me, for they are Yours.” Verse 12:** “Those whom You gave Me I have kept.” Verse 20:** “I do not pray for these alone but also for those who will believe in Me through their word.” Verse 24:** “You loved Me before the foundation of the world.”
Romans 9 provides a profound exposition of God’s sovereign election:
– Romans 9:6–13:
“For they are not all Israel who are of Israel… Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.” This emphasizes God’s choice, which is not based on human merit but on His purpose.
– Romans 9:15–16:
“I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy… So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy.”
– Romans 9:19–21:
“You will say to me then, ‘Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?’ But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to Him who formed it, ‘Why have You made me like this?’ Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?”
The doctrine of limited atonement and election emphasizes God’s sovereignty, grace, and purpose in salvation. While the gospel is preached universally, its effects are limited to the elect—those chosen by God before the foundation of the world. God’s eternal plan is perfect and fulfilled through Christ’s definite atonement, ensuring the salvation of His people.
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Extension of Grace to Gentiles
– Israel as an object lesson to show humanity’s incapability of achieving righteousness through works of the law. The righteousness that the law requires can only be obtained through faith in Christ (Romans 9:24-33, Romans 10:1-8).
– God extended grace to the Gentiles who obtained the righteousness Israel failed to obtain through their works. Israel sought righteousness through the law and stumbled over Christ, the stumbling block, and stone of offense (Romans 9:30, Acts 13:48).
– Gentiles and Jews alike, through faith in Christ, are brought into one fold under one Shepherd. Christ’s death removed the middle wall of separation that separated Jew and Gentile. This was according to God’s plan and promise to Abraham that all nations of the earth would be blessed (Ephesians 2:14, John 10:14-16).
Election and Predestination
– God elected a people to salvation in eternity past based on His sovereign will and purpose in Christ. This election was not based on any good works or faith He foresaw in individuals but on His grace alone (Romans 8:29-30, Ephesians 1:3-6, Deuteronomy 7:6-8).
– God’s foreknowledge (“prognosis”) refers to His predetermined, intimate choice to save individuals in Christ, not merely knowing who would respond to the gospel (Romans 8:29, Acts 2:23).
– Christ is the elect and chosen one of God before the foundation of the world to accomplish God’s plan of redemption for His people (1 Peter 1:20, Isaiah 42:1).
Human Response and Regeneration
– Fallen humanity is spiritually dead, unable to respond to the gospel. The work of regeneration by the Holy Spirit gives life and enables the elect to respond in faith (John 3:5-8, Ephesians 2:1-5).
– Saving faith is not from man but is a gift from God (Ephesians 2:8-9, Philippians 1:29).
– True faith is evidenced by obedience to God, endurance, and hope in Christ (Hebrews 11:1-40, James 1:16-18).
Grace and Salvation
– Salvation is by grace through faith in Christ and is not of human works. Salvation is entirely the work of God, and man can take no credit for it (Ephesians 2:8-10, Titus 3:5-7).
– God’s grace is effectual and irresistible in the lives of the elect, ensuring their salvation (Romans 8:30, John 6:44).
God’s Sovereignty in Election
– As Creator, God has the sovereign right to do with His creation as He pleases. God is the Potter, and humanity is the clay (Romans 9:20-23, Isaiah 55:8-9).
– God is not obligated to save anyone, yet He chose to save some according to His grace, mercy, and purpose (Exodus 33:19, Romans 11:33-36).
Key Objections Addressed
– Some accuse God of being unjust in His sovereign election. Paul answers that God’s ways are higher than man’s, and His judgments are beyond human comprehension (Romans 9:14-18, Isaiah 55:8-9).
– Though God is sovereign in salvation, man is still responsible for their unbelief (Romans 10:8-13, John 3:18-21).
– God uses the preaching of the gospel as the means to call His elect to salvation. The elect must hear the gospel to believe and be saved (Romans 10:14-17, 2 Timothy 2:10).
– Election provides assurance of salvation for believers and leads to humility and worship of God for His grace and sovereignty in choosing to save them (Romans 8:33-39, Ephesians 1:11-14).
Arguments Against Predestination/Election
If we think God leaves it up to men to choose Him, then man must, in some way, be equal to God or slightly lower than God. In other words, are you saying God has reduced His sovereignty?
Hebrews 2:9**: “But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor, that He, by the grace of God, might taste death for everyone.” That is the only extent to which God lowered Himself—giving His life to take death away from you. God never asked you to die for your sins. Ask Abraham. The challenge of faith can bring you to the level of even slaying your son, but Abraham heard God’s voice: “Do not lay your hand on the lad.” Abraham turned around and saw a ram caught in the thicket as a substitute.
Christ died on the cross for our sins to crush us, destroy all our pride forever, and make us cry out with a loud voice: “God, I am a sinner.” If you think you can choose God, ask yourself: how did you choose Him? Did you find Him better than other gods? Then, in that case, you are claiming superiority over God. The options for choices are always inferior to the one who chooses. That is why you can choose.
Sometimes man can wish for higher things, but it doesn’t necessarily mean he will attain them unless the one superior to him grants them. Some people are confused about the nature of God. Isn’t God love? Some say God is a monster if He predestines people. For others, this is an issue for propagating the Gospel—making it easier for people to understand and believe (e.g., proving God’s existence and presenting a God they feel good about). Some fear persecution, recalling how Roman Catholics treated the Reformers—many were even burned to death.
Some say, “It’s not fair!”—a humanistic view rooted in pride. Others argue for human choice or the ability to choose, saying, “I believed, I felt like I believed, so I am saved. That means I had a part in it.” But people who argue this must understand that God is sovereign. God doesn’t owe anything to anyone.
Why Evangelize?
Some ask, “If God predestines, why evangelize?”
-2 Corinthians 5:18-21**: “God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself…committed to us the word of reconciliation…. We are ambassadors of Christ, as though God were pleading through us.” We are servants of the great Master. We need to follow the Master’s plan as unprofitable servants, doing just what God commands us to do.
Why Pray for Your Friends and Family?
You can only pray. Have you ever prayed for their salvation? How many have been saved so far? Were you able to convince anyone to salvation? Did you rely on your own tactics? Where does Scripture say to use human ideas for evangelism?
Do you ever tell others that God is sovereign?
Does God Create Evil?
Some say, “If God predestines and elect some, then God created evil too.” What about all the Bible verses about predestination? Are you going to reject them all? Even if God created evil, what are you going to do? Are you going to question Him? You, a mere creature of dust, just a breath away from death, dare to question God? God is not the author of evil, but He allowed evil for His own purposes.
If Man is Incapable, Is He at Fault?
Some say, “If man is incapable, then he cannot be at fault.” Oh yes, hold onto that thought and fight with God. If you don’t find fault in you that means you are in darkness and you have no light in you.
If Man Cannot Repent, Is He Accountable?
Some say, “If man is incapable of good, then he cannot truly be remorseful and repent.” Who said you are able to repent on your own? Not until God initiates repentance. Just as you cannot participate in your physical birth, you cannot initiate your spiritual rebirth.
Why Does God Condemn the Non-Elect?
Some say, “If God predestines, why does He eternally condemn the non-elect?” Hell was prepared not only for the devil but for sinners as well.
Dear readers, with all honesty, by studying the Word of God and knowing Him through the Scriptures, it is evident that God is sovereign and controls everything. No man has any right to question this.
If you accept your depravity and the sovereignty of God, that is the sign of your salvation. If you are still clinging to your useless “free will, to help you to get saved, you are a dreamer and will perish in your dreams.
Isaiah 55:8: “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,” declares the Lord.
Let that be true—not man’s will.
Conclusion
Election and predestination are biblical doctrines that demonstrate God’s sovereignty, grace, and glory. These truths humble human pride, exalt God’s majesty, and offer assurance to believers. God calls His elect to respond with faith, gratitude, and obedience, trusting in His eternal and perfect plan.
May the name of our God be glorified!